This thesis assesses the effectiveness of the European Unions intelligence agencies Europol and Intelligence Analysis Center (INTCEN). It looks at the existing legal framework in the field of intelligence, the level of cooperation between the E.U. agencies, and the way the European Parliament exercises its control. As a response to the increased level and diversity of threats against its security, the European Union undertook major steps forward in fostering intelligence cooperation among its member states. Consequently, Europols mandate was expanded to cover all serious crimes. The organization was transformed into a fully-fledged E.U. agency. Similarly, INTCEN was restructured to allow the agency to focus on both external and internal terrorist threats to the Union. Despite these steps, the effectiveness of the agencies is low, due to the flaws in the legal framework, weak mandates, and complicated European affairs. Furthermore, the inherent challenges of multinational intelligence cooperation and weak democratic control of the European Parliament and national legislative bodies reduce Europol and INTCENs abilities to effectively fulfill their tasks. Therefore, this thesis recommends that the European Union improve its legal framework, provide real incentives for member states to cooperate in these bodies, and increase the democratic control of intelligence agencies. These steps will enhance Europol and INTCENs mandates, make them more transparent, and increase their effectiveness.

Subjects: intelligence; effectiveness; European Union; EU agencies; intelligence cooperation; Europol; INTCEN; SitCen